Tuesday 15 November 2011

Water Capacitor



Hypothesis

A new method for splitting the water molecule, showing few of the characteristics of conventional electrolysis, offers an economical method to produce hydrogen gas.

Description

US Patents and Technology Duplications

The hydrogen gas production shown is purportedly achieved by applying a low-current (0.5 - 4.0 amp), pulse-width modulated (PWM) voltage potential to a resonant circuit, in which water (no electrolyte) works as both the dielectric material in the capacitors and the source of hydrogen gas output.
The hydrogen gas production shown is purportedly achieved by applying a low-current (0.5 - 4.0 amp), pulse-width modulated (PWM) voltage potential to a resonant circuit, in which water (no electrolyte) works as both the dielectric material in the capacitors and the source of hydrogen gas output. [2]
Since the US patents (expired on 27 June 2007) for a similar device were granted under Section 101, the hardware involved in the patents has been examined experimentally by US Patent Office experts and their seconded experts and all the claims have been established.[3][4][5]
Unfortunately, no clear theory of operation was put forward in the US patents or elsewhere. Moreover, the potential for the Water Capacitor to produce combustible fuel using a low power electronic circuit has been sharply criticized as pseudoscience, possibly owing to the fact that it was not studied in an academic setting, nor discussed in engineering literature prior to the untimely death of the inventor.[6] Nevertheless, two foreign corporations (Consorcio LAESA, Ltd., and Xogen, Inc.) report having successfully reproduced the technology.[7][8][9]
Scott H. Cramton, Ph.D. Water Capacitor is shown here producing 15 psi of gas in only 30 seconds using 1.2 - 1.3 amps @ 3.49V. The voltage potential is pulsed at 4.73 Khz.
Scott H. Cramton, Ph.D. Water Capacitor is shown here producing 15 psi of gas in only 30 seconds using 1.2 - 1.3 amps @ 3.49V. The voltage potential is pulsed at 4.73 Khz. [10]
Scott H. Cramton, Ph.D., an American electrical engineer with Consorcio LAESA, Ltd., reportedly operates a nine-capacitor, 1 amp device at resonance using a phased-locked-loop (PLL) circuit of his own design, producing 6 liters / minute (9.51 gallons / hour) of gas.
Scott H. Cramton, Ph.D., an American electrical engineer with Consorcio LAESA, Ltd., reportedly operates a nine-capacitor, 1 amp device at resonance using a phased-locked-loop (PLL) circuit of his own design, producing 6 liters / minute (9.51 gallons / hour) of gas.

Other Evidence for Reproducibility

Also, technical documentation, photographic and video media, available through social networking sites, offer further evidence of the Water Capacitor's reproducibility. [11][12][13]
Mr. Dave Lawton, a former instrument designer at Rutherford Labs, United Kingdom, reportedly operated a multi-capacitor device using 3-4 amps at 12.5V, producing gas aggressively in distilled water with no electrolyte.
Mr. Dave Lawton, a former instrument designer at Rutherford Labs, United Kingdom, reportedly operated a multi-capacitor device using 3-4 amps at 12.5V, producing gas aggressively in distilled water with no electrolyte.[14]
  • Ravi Raju of India, reportedly operates a multi-capacitor unit using 0.5 amps of current, producing approximately 0.45 liters of gas per minute (7.13 gallons / hour ) using water (no electrolyte).

Possible Mechanism of Action

The mechanism by which the covalent bonds in the water molecules are broken without the use of an electrolyte remains a mystery. The author speculates that the water splitting process might be related to sonoluminescence (SL), where in the SL plasma model, shock waves occur in imploding micro-cavitations -- heating the dissolved gas sufficiently for it to become ionized, releasing on the order of one billion electrons.[15][16]
Sonoluminescence (SL) is a process in which a micron-sized, distilled water bubble containing trace amounts of a nobel gas, undergoing the process of cavitation, transduces resonant ultrasonic sound waves (100 Hz) into a picosecond pulse (e.g. 50 ps) of light with an estimated 6 eV of energy. (see [17])
a modest .2 atmosphere shock wave yields a flash of sonoluminescence with an average power of 150 Watts (Dr. Putterman, UCLA, Gallery)
a modest .2 atmosphere shock wave yields a flash of sonoluminescence with an average power of 150 Watts (Dr. Putterman, UCLA, Gallery) [18]
Seth Putterman, PhD, UCLA (for a description of Watts see )
Seth Putterman, PhD, UCLA[16](for a description of Watts see [19])
Water Capacitor candidate sources for micro-cavitations include:
  • dissolved gasses
  • impurities in the capacitor plate material (e.g. nickle, chromium)
  • dissociated water molecules.
While several technologies, such as medical sterilization devices, have exploited the high temperatures and pressures of cavitation, there are no known uses of micro-cavitation processes for extracting useful energy.[20]
If indeed the water splitting process involves micro-cavitation, then plasma electrolysis may be occurring. [21] This would also fit observables (experimenters report that the Water Capacitors glow the dark).

Anticipated Behavior

If micro-cavitations are contributing excess electrons to the water splitting process, a short-circuit condition is expected to occur across the capacitor plates during gas production. Such a condition will make the circuit behave as a classical forced oscillator (e.g. see resonant charging circuit[22]). Observing this behavior during experimentation using an oscilloscope could lend support to idea that micro-cavitations are present.
It is also anticipated that the water capacitors, water, and attached gas collection equipment will remain at a constant temperature, even after several hours of gas production. This would be in stark contrast to conventional electrolysis of water, where an electrical overpotential is required to drive the reaction, leading to significant heat losses.

Circuit Designs

Lawton

Mr. Dave Lawton enhanced the Voltage Intensifier Circuit from the US patent to use a solid state MOSFET (metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor) in place of analog inductor coils.  Mr. Lawton reports observing the potential on the capacitors reach 1200V.
Mr. Dave Lawton enhanced the Voltage Intensifier Circuit from the US patent to use a solid state MOSFET (metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor) in place of analog inductor coils. Mr. Lawton reports observing the potential on the capacitors reach 1200V.[23]

Cramton Circuit Design

Scott Cramton, Ph.D. designed this phase-locked-loop (PLL) circuit to enable the system to continuously operate at the resonant frequency. (Dr. Cramton received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Columbus University
Scott Cramton, Ph.D. designed this phase-locked-loop (PLL) circuit to enable the system to continuously operate at the resonant frequency. (Dr. Cramton received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Columbus University

History of Electrolysis

Although the precursor to the electric storage battery, the voltaic pile, was invented by Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) in 1800, the physics of the electrochemical battery were not adequately understood until 100 year later, when Latvian chemist, and 1909 Nobel Prize winner, Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (1853-1932) propounded a theory of solutions based on ionic dissociation. In 1884 Otwald defined the process of catalysis - the process in which the rate of a chemical reaction is either increased or decreased by means of a chemical substance known as a catalyst. [24][25]

Summary

A novel method for splitting the water molecule, using water as an integral component of a resonant electronic circuit, hints of a possible energy use. A power generation solution that integrates the Water Capacitor might be used to decentralize power production, and reduce dependence on grid power.
Table 1: Conventional Electrolysis vs. Water Capacitor
Electrolysis of Water (Prior Art)Voltage Dissociation of Water Molecule (WC)
Sodium hydroxides or Potassium hydroxides must be added to distilled water (typically 20% per liquid volume)Uses water (no electrolytes)
Added electrolytes create a "dead short" condition, not allowing voltage potential to exceed two volts, while linear amp flow proportionally determines gas production.pulse-width modulated (PWM) voltage potential leads to a peak voltage on the water capacitor plates of about 1200V. The mechanism by which the covalent bond in the water molecules are broken without an electrolyte remains a mystery.
Water electrolysis does not convert 100% of the electrical energy into the chemical energy of hydrogen. The process requires more extreme potentials than what would be expected based on the cell's total reversible reduction potentials. This excess potential accounts for various forms of overpotential by which the extra energy is eventually lost as heat.[26]Electronic circuit which produces high voltages, while limiting current. Water is used as a dielectric in the circuit's capacitors and as a source of hydrogen gas. Thus, the dielectric is accelerating during gas production.
Yields 1 cubic centimeter of gas per 1 amp/hr @ 2 volts potential48.7K cubic centimeters of gas per 0.5 amp / hr @ 12.5 volts potential (4.4 cc of gas per 0.5 amp / hr @ 2 volts potential)
Contaminants and chemical additives (electrolyte) cause a residue to form on the electrodes terminating the electrolysis prematurelyStainless Steel material (decomposition rate 0.0001 / year) release only hydrogen, oxygen and dissolved gases from water (no electrolyte).

Learn More

Friday 11 November 2011

Alkaline Water & ORP Explained



Or is a 20 Minute Read Worth an Extra 5 Years of Life?

By Ian Blair Hamilton
IonLife, Australia
Ian Hamilton from IonLife
It's a rhetorical question. We all know the answer - but in my experience the only time such a question seems to become important is when people don't actually have five years of life left.

It's often said that people spend more money on their health in the last two years of their life than the total of the rest of their life. In my experience this is so very true.

I don't want to waste time telling you how wrong you've been to not learn about your own health. God knows we are all so "busy" just surviving in this crazy world that often health takes a backstage position until it fails. It's like my son's car. He simply doesn't change the oil. He believes everything lasts forever. At age 26, so did I.
Acid/ Alkaline Balance
I have been asked many times to write down my understanding of acid and alkaline balance and its effects on health. This has usually been asked after I have spent an hour explaining it to someone, for the umpteenth time! So I'm going to give you my grand theory of everything about acid/alkaline balance now. If you hear what I am saying, I feel confident you will act upon this most fundamental of all health secrets.

Why is acid/alkaline balance 'fundamental'? Because this is about what happens at the microscopic level within our bodies; beyond the cellular level - at the atomic level. It's all about electricity, and about what happens to create energy in your body at the atomic level.

It's about what doesn't happen, what should happen, and what will happen if you follow what I am suggesting. Most people I talk to already know that we are too acidic, because of acidic foods, drinks, pollution, lifestyle, stress ... almost everything is acidifying including watching the news at six.

We are told we need to alkalize, but what does that really mean? Many of us think that acidic water is just water with lots of acidic minerals in it, and alkaline water is water with lots of alkaline minerals in it - calcium, magnesium, potassium etc. But you can have acidic water with both acid and alkaline minerals in it; just more acids than alkalis, so it's not quite as simple as you may have thought.

Why am I explaining all this? Because if you can really understand this, you can begin a new way of thinking about your own and your loved one's health. The conventional approach to alkalizing something like water has been to take tap water, with its mix of acids and alkalis, then add more alkalis.

What's wrong with that? You're drinking a chemical cocktail - just to get your alkaline water.

Let's assume that we have water with no minerals at all; distilled for instance. Then we add some calcium. Now we havealkaline water. The pH of this water may have gone from a neutral pH 7 to an alkaline pH 8; ten times more alkaline that pH 7. Many of us learned all this in chemistry class - as long as you weren't looking out the window like me!

Do you know what pH stands for? It comes from French, and means "per Hydrogen", which is a measure of the amount of Hydrogen in a liquid. Note; we're not talking about the amount of alkalizing or acidifying chemicals in a liquid. No, we're talking about the amount of hydrogen atoms. The chemicals or minerals just react with the water to create hydrogen atoms.

Why is this so important? Hydrogen fuels us. Hydrogen heals us. Hydrogen is our most essential nutrient. Hydrogen provides our life force! And pH equals amount of hydrogen in liquid, so it's a measure, if you like, of available life force in a liquid.
Reverse Aging
Sang Whang
Sang Whang, that wonderful Korean American scientist and inventor, explains it beautifully in his ground-breaking book Reverse Aging.

He says water has memory (we've seen this in Dr Masaru Emoto's amazing crystal images and in the early works of homoeopaths) but he goes further. He says this memory is expressed as a measurable electrical energy. This energy can be measured in volts (or millivolts, because it's always very small) and can be lost over time. When water has this electrical potential, it has the ability to cause the hydrogen atoms in it to assume two different forms.

(Sang Whang's book describes his discovery of ionized, alkaline water - and at age 78 is looking and sounding as good as I would hope to look at that age!)

Stay with me, this is about as technical as I'm going to get!

When water has electrical energy, it causes the hydrogen within it to assume one of two forms. One is hydrogen that has a positive electrical charge. This water is 'acidic'. The other is hydrogen that bonds with an oxygen atom and becomes negatively charged. This is the building block of life itself, and chemically, it is in the form of OH-.

One oxygen atom, one hydrogen atom with this negative electrical charge. That's ionized water. It now has energy it wants to donate to any compatible atom in your body. And it is called 'alkaline'.

In both forms, these ions or atoms, now have the capability to precipitate chemical reactions of other minerals in water. What has that got to do with your health and longevity?

Nothing happens in our bodies without a chemical reaction.

And every chemical reaction only happens when the 'electricity' between just two atoms is compatible. So we can say that we are a chemical organism - by courtesy of electricity.

At the molecular level, way beyond the cells, trillions of electrically uniting and repelling is going on every millisecond of your life. It's a veritable orgy of unity, and it's happening right now in your body, it always has, and it continues until the balance of acid and alkaline reactions - the battle between them - is over.

And what wins this battle of the ions? Acid - every time. We all know that our body acids take over after we die to break down the body. Let me tell you, they've been doing just that for many, many years before you die. They're doing it now! Rusting, decaying, breaking down, burning, oxidizing - all a natural part of our balanced metabolism.

So.. life as we know it is an internal 'battle' between positively charged atoms (ions) and negatively charged atoms (ions). We can equally - but less accurately - say life is a battle between acid and alkaline, because that's exactly what pH is all about.

pH = acid/alkaline balance = ionizing = O.R.P.

Coming back to water - when there are more H+ ions in the water than OH- ions, it will read as acidic. When there are more OH- than H+, it's alkaline water.

I'd like to pause here a minute and review what we have discussed. I'll put it in point form:
  • Acid or alkaline liquid is measured as pH.
  • pH is a measure of hydrogen ions (atoms).
  • The more H+ in a liquid, the more 'acidic'.
  • The more OH-, the more alkaline.
  • Acid and alkaline can be thought of electrically as ions of Hydrogen carrying either a positive or negative charge of electricity.
  • All chemical processes in your body are begun and completed when the correct electrical charge is found to match the electrical charge of another atom. Nothing happens without electricity. Electricity and chemistry, therefore, are the same in the body.
Are we OK with that? If not, please spare another five precious minutes and read it all again, because what comes next rests upon your understanding so far and is the key to the secret of health and anti ageing that I'm communicating.

Okay. So water can have hydrogen ions in it. Are you OK with me using the word 'ion'? An ion is an atom with an electrical charge.

We can measure pH using litmus paper or an electronic pH meter. It will give us a reading of from 0 to 14, with pH 7 being neutral; neither acid nor alkaline. Or we can use an ORP meter which tells us a lot more. It tells us the O = Oxidizing or R = reducing or donating Potential of a liquid. That's what O.R.P. means.

Oxidizing means the ability to oxidize. To burn up. To rust. To break down, and the example I used earlier of a cadaver breaking down is an excellent one. It is oxidizing.

Reducing is not as easy to understand. Scientifically, it means giving away, or donating, so if a liquid has 'reducing potential' it has the ability to donate energy to the body.
Measuring Electrical Charge in Water
The ORP meter actually measures the electrical charge of the water and if it reads above zero, it's oxidizing (acidic and an ionic 'robber'). If the voltage is negative it's reducing (alkaline and a giver)!

Now we can begin to see that we aren't simply talking about choosing alkaline foods and drinks. We are choosing ways to 'alkalize' and 'energize', to add to our negative ion energy store and to neutralize the acidic, positively charged atoms in our bodies.

Now we are getting very, very fundamental, and we are using water to carry this energy into the body.

Why would this be so wonderful for you? Take a quick look at blood. As we know, blood has lots of water in it, and so it also has a ratio of the two types of water, the acidic and the alkaline as we discussed. When there are more alkaline ions, in the form of OH-, there is more oxygen in the blood, available to us as instantaneous fuel for life. In fact, if your blood is just a tiny bit more alkaline (from 7.3 to 7.45), it will be holding around 2/3 more oxygen!

I remember my first few weeks on ionized, alkaline water; I was like a kid of Christmas day; up at 3 am looking for presents! I had just so much energy! Of course, once my system realized it had this new supply of oxygen, it put it to good use, modifying my early hour 'high' into sustained energy throughout the day,

Is it possible that the lethargy you may be feeling could simply be the inability to carry oxygen in your blood? Can you also imagine the effect of proper oxygen levels in an athlete or sportsperson's blood?

I have had quite a few people asking me why they get such a boost from oxygen supplements (Hydrogen Peroxide). It isn't hard to identify them as an acidic person, and without fail, those people who tell me that they get a boost from the supplements are all, in my estimation, trapped in an acid cycle lifestyle.

I get no boost at all from any of the oxygen boost supplements, so I have concluded that I have the oxygen already available in my alkaline balanced bloodstream, and the people who get a boost are deficient, or acidic. It just makes sense!

Isn't this fabulous information? I am so grateful to have learned about acid/alkaline! We've all concentrated on finding the latest supplement or miracle cure to 'improve our wellness when the real support work can be done using what we are primarily and overwhelmingly composed of.
What's that? Water!

Alkaline, Ionized Water - the Essential Supplement

We are about 70% water - yet we've basically ignored it! So now we are going to look at how water can change us fundamentally. But to do this I need to let you see what happens in an acidic body - bearing in mind that unless you are the one in 100 who is naturally alkaline, this means YOU!

Let's just imagine we've wolfed down a Super sized burger along with a giant sugary soft drink. Even while it's still in your mouth - your nerves are already sending signals to your belly. The chemicals in your mouth have sampled the pH of the food, and (don't ask me how), your nervous system has told your stomach how much of this monster meal is 'coming on".

Most people still think the stomach is a bagful of acid into which the burger is going to just 'ker-splosh'. It's just not true.

Your stomach is a vessel that is used to hold just the right amount of acid; not too much, not too little - as calculated by the mouth (and I suspect, the eyes - we've all heard the old saying, his eyes are bigger than his stomach!)

You won't see a big bag of acid down there. You'll see a precisely controlled mish mash, evolutionarily trained to work with just the right amount to break down the food and pass it into the lower gut for absorption. What you also won't see is the bicarbonate of soda that is also exuded from the bloodstream, and now coats the lining of the stomach to protect it from the acid. The acid, by the way, is also delivered to the stomach from reserves in the blood, known as the 'acid buffer'. If I have time, I'll talk about why older people are short on acids, but let's keep on track.

Now you've swallowed this humungous McMess, your body has had ample chance to understand that it just swallowed something with the potential to kill. It knows that if the pH of your blood falls to neutral 7 instead of its normal pH 7.35, you will go into a coma and die. Right now, courtesy of Fast Food and Drink Corporations, you body is being flooded with acids and your blood pH is beginning to fall. Your adrenals are screaming! They are telling you things are dire; but guess what?

You've interpreted the message as the 'hit' you always get when you gulp a Coke. You've actually learned to love it!!

The adrenals are our early warning system. They are telling all of our systems to drop everything and source some alkaline minerals or negative hydrogen to neutralize this acid flood. Our major organ systems are hard wired to respond because this is a survival imperative. It's been with you since Paleolithic times. You don't digest dinner when a dinosaur is chasing you - you never have, because you've learned that death is the result of both scenarios.

So what happens down there? Well, the 'all systems alert' firstly calls on the pancreas, because one of the pancreas's jobs is to secrete alkaline chyle to neutralize the acids now mixed up with the food you have now tossed around in your stomach.

The real problem is that you've been making a habit of this. Not only have you eaten a Burger, Fries and Soft Drinks for lunch, you've been downing beers, eating lots of sugar in fruit because someone told you you should eat more fruit, and you've been stressed out at work. You've been robbing the pancreas so long that it's just exhausted. It has nothing more to give.

So the next port of call is body tissues. "Alkalis? Alkalis? Anyone?" "Sorry. None here." Next stop is bones and teeth, and yes, we actually erode our own skeleton to feed our acid habit.
Acid Overload

In the meantime, because our blood pH is plunging dangerously, the stomach has been told to stop what it's doing and let the body use its limited available energy to work on alkalizing this deadly acid flood, so what does it do? It dumps its half processed McLoad into the lower intestine.

It's acidic, it's lumpy, it's half digested, and the poor old pancreas, the gate keeper to the lower intestine, can't do a thing to change it and fulfill its purpose of protecting the lower gut. It's like a lorry load of toxic waste sneaking past a helpless sentry.

About now it's oozing into the intestine. And because you've been acidic for so long - (a byproduct of acidosis is constipation as the water from the stools is sucked out into the abdominal cavity to help move garbage) - your bowel is what doctors call "lazy". It moves slowly because it's full of hard feces. And being acidic, it burns the sensitive absorbent villi on the intestinal walls as it goes, even to the point of bursting though the intestine wall, flooding the abdominal cavity with filthy, rotting, acidic McGarbage that only a few hours ago was sitting on a shelf in a fast food outlet.!

So now we come to where all of the effects of excess acid conspire against us and our future health.

But first, do you know what a free radical really is? It's a positively charged oxygen atom or ion. And as we have learned it is oxidative. It breaks things down. It burns, it rusts.

So as always, in a perfect body, things work perfectly. In this perfect body it has a perfect purpose as the perfect little janitor, moving about and reacting with garbage, toxins or putrefying matter to oxidize it and render it down to its basic components.

Note that I said that's what it does in a perfect system, but an acidic system isn't a perfect system. As we have already discussed, virtually every system in an acidic body is under siege and working at far less potential than it was designed for. So things go wrong. They either over or under-perform, or they perform in a way they shouldn't. So it is with our free radical system. In a state of siege, or acidity, it produces too many free radicals, (ah well, better more than not enough, folks!) and being eager little fully active critters, they go forth and oxidize - anything! Not just putrid food or waste, but healthy cells! That's why our scientists say it is ageing us. They are acidic - positively charged, acting as a result of acid, in an acidic system.

How could they possible work in the way they were designed?

So what do we do about all this mess? We see the glossy advertisement for anti-oxidant capsules, tablets, exotic juices and the like and we spend six, seven, ten dollars a day gobbling them down.

What is it they have in those little capsules? They have chemical cages holding something we've now heard about; the H- hydrogen ion, the great donator, the giver, the lifesaver! Instead of drinking negative hydrogen loaded alkaline water at about two cents a liter, people are told they have to get their antioxidants in pills! What a setup! Companies make millions from the theory!

But does water really work? I was attending an exhibition of health systems three years ago. I'd been on our stand for three days. Three days of non-stop talking, and when someone told me there was a stand where you could have your antioxidant ability tested, my first reaction was that I couldn't possibly have a good reading. I was just too tired. However, it was free, and things were quiet, so I went to see what it was all about. Sure enough, there was the man, the computer and the test report coming out of a printer. He was trying to sell people on buying his brand of antioxidant pills, but he was quite happy to test me. "I've been talking non stop for three days." I said. "Will it still work?"

"That makes no difference," he replied. "The probe measures the carotene in the skin, and that's the best indicator of antioxidant ability."

"So what is a good score?" I asked. He explained that the top score was thirty on the computer's scale, and that very few people got anywhere near that.

I held out my wrist. He applied the probe and a minute later pulled the results from the printer, looking puzzled.
Nature's Anti-oxidant

"Are you sure you're not on some form of antioxidant supplement?" he asked with a slightly suspicious frown.

"None at all." I answered. "Why?"

"Because your score is the highest I've done all week. You are over the scale. You scored forty! What is it you do to get a score like that?"

I looked him in the eye to watch his reaction.

"I drink alkaline water."

In the years since that test, I get calls from clients from all over. It seems that wherever he goes with his machine, he finds one of our clients.

"Guess what? I had my antioxidant ability tested! And." they say.

"And your reading went off the scale, right?"
"How did you know?" they ask, astounded.

So I DO know the alkaline water works as a powerful antioxidant. All alkaline foods will work to some degree, but it just makes so much sense that if you are 70% water, and if water is everywhere in your body, then - to my mind - water in an antioxidant form is a far more efficient and economical mode of countering free radicals than food or pills.

I'll stop talking about myself at this point; there are literally hundreds of stories that we have received over the last seven years about the effects and power of drinking IonLife water. These are all real stories from real people just like you; athletes, housewives, businesspeople, doctors, naturopaths, families young and old. You'll find just a few of their stories on our brochures and on our website, but more come in every week, and they are always amazing.
IonLIfe Water Ionizers

Do you know the really cool thing for me? Yes, it's wonderful water and it has great effect on me every day of my life. But it's also clever water. It splits into acid water that I use to cleanse and remove bacteria from my food, my kitchen, my bathroom, my skin and hair. It also provides the alkaline water I have already described.

But here's the great thing. It costs me two cents a liter, and I NEVER have to buy another throwaway plastic bottle of water.
A Quick Comparison of Water Systems

Now that you know what happens with ionized, alkaline water you will have a very good idea about other so-called ionized water. There are many, many water filters that frankly, wish they were ionizers.

The difference is in the basic principle we have discussed about negative hydrogen ions; the superior antioxidant ability of the water.

The only reason the water alkalizer works so well is that it actually splits water into two optimized forms:

1. The alkaline water we've talked about - ionized, negatively charged, oxygenated, microclustered superhydrating.

2. The 'other' water that is simultaneously separated from the alkaline water; acid, astringent, antimicrobial.

This water is a wonderful addition to your home because it can be used as a non-chemical cleanser for food, for greens, for work surfaces, for windows, for hair and skin. This is the same water used instead of harsh chemicals at the massive Tokyo Fish Market to clean up daily. It is also used in many Japanese and Korean hospital and clinics.

Only a true electronically controlled water ionizer splits the water this way. The alternatives you may read about all use a magnet in the water stream. Although this does create a little less positive ionization in the water, (not enough to become negative) it will quickly re-associate back to normal H2O when it leaves the magnet's field. So there's no lasting stream of OH- molecules as we discussed earlier and there's no alternative acid stream output.

Over the years of working with the water alkalizer, I've heard so many stories invented by other manufacturers about why their system is better, but it all boils down to one simple fact. They can't alkalize like the systems we've been talking about. End of story.
Water Ionizer Questions

However ... there are some questions I hear again and again which I'll share now.

Q: Does it remove fluoride?
A: Fluoride is an acid molecule and the majority of it passes out in the acid stream. I am in possession of a test on a similar system from Sequoia Labs USA showing full removal. Fluoride is a sneaky molecule that can join with other molecules in the water, and so we can't promise total effectiveness.

Q: Can I over-alkalize?
A: The alkaline water isn't loaded with alkaline minerals that will keep on alkalizing when in your body. It is loaded with sacrificial hydrogen ions that unites with positively charged molecules in your body. Then their work is finished.
I've never seen anyone too alkaline. Alkalinity, unlike acidity, is managed by the body by immediate elimination. As always consult a health practitioner if you have health issues.

Q: How does the filter in it compare to normal filters?
A: Most water filters are 1 micron exclusion rating. The Jupiter BioStone water filter cartridge in the alkalizer is 0.1 or .01 micron; ten or one hundred times more effective.

Q: Isn't Reverse Osmosis the most effective water filter?
A: Yes. It is so effective that it takes all minerals and everything out, making the water so 'empty' that it will begin uniting with CO2 in the air and turning acid. RO systems are not popular today because they waste approximately 9 liters per liter supplied.

Q: What about a distiller? That doesn't waste water.
A: True. A distiller doesn't waste water, but it is very power-hungry and has the same problem of RO. It is also so 'clean' that it also ends up acidic. If you look at our own history, you'll realize we have never had access to pure water and therefore our bodies are not made to process it. We need mineralized alkaline water because that's what we are made of; saline, mineralized, alkaline water! Drinking pure water - remembering the fact that the body is always balancing everything - means it has to find minerals from it's own reserves to mineralize the water you paid so much to process and drink!

Q: Lots of systems say they alkalize.
A: Many do, but they do just by adding alkaline minerals - usually calcium - to the water as it is filtered. You still get all the acids in the water.

Ian Blair Hamilton is a Managing Director of IonLife in Australia, the world's largest international distributor of alkaline water health systems.
He is also a researcher, journalist, author and alternative health lecturer.